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Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM): Mecanismos Biológicos y Aplicaciones Clínicas

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM): Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is an organosulfur compound naturally present in the environment and in various foods. Its use as a dietary supplement has gained popularity due to its potential therapeutic effects, especially as an anti-inflammatory agent. This article explores the biological mechanisms underlying the action of MSM. of MSM, as well as its effectiveness in various clinical areas.

  1. Introduction

MSM is known by its alternate names of dimethylsulfone, methyl sulfone, and sulfonylbismethane. Historically, MSM was used as a high-temperature solvent before being recognized for its biological properties. Today, it is primarily used in complementary and alternative medicine. MSM is part of the sulfur cycle on Earth and is produced naturally through the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS).

  1. Synthesis and Bioabsorption.

MSM is synthesized naturally in the environment and can also be produced synthetically for use in supplements. This compound is found in various foods, including fruits, vegetables, and grains. It is rapidly absorbed in humans and animals, distributing itself homogeneously in tissues, and is excreted primarily through urine.

  1. Mechanisms of Action.

MSM acts through several biological mechanisms, including:

  • 3.1. Anti-inflammatory: MSM inhibits the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), an important regulator of the inflammatory response. This effect leads to a reduction in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α.
  • 3.2. Antioxidant: Through the regulation of transcription factors such as NF-κB, STAT, p53 and Nrf2, MSM modulates the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes.
  • 3.3. Immune Modulation: MSM plays a role in immune response by modulating the interaction between oxidative stress and inflammation. It has been shown to reduce IL-6 expression and may play a role in preventing overstimulation of immune cells.
  • 3.4. Sulfur Donor/Methylation: Although MSM does not appear to donate methyl groups directly to DNA, it does contribute to the supply of sulfur for the synthesis of important amino acids such as methionine and cysteine.
  1. Clinical Efficacy

MSM has shown efficacy in several clinical areas, including:

  • 4.1. Arthritis and Inflammation: It has been used as a treatment in cases of arthritis, showing beneficial effects in reducing pain and inflammation.
  • 4.2. Cartilage Preservation: MSM may protect cartilage from degradation, a key feature of osteoarthritis.
  • 4.3. Improved Range of Motion and Physical Function: Studies indicate that MSM may improve physical function in patients with osteoarthritis.
  • 4.4. Reduction of Exercise-Related Muscle Soreness: MSM appears to be effective in reducing post-exercise muscle soreness.
  • 4.5. Reduction of Oxidative Stress: MSM has been shown to reduce several markers of oxidative stress in in vitro and in vivo studies.
  • 4.6. Improving Seasonal Allergies: Some studies suggest that MSM may relieve symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
  • 4.7. Improved Skin Quality and Texture: MSM has been proposed to improve skin quality, although further studies are required to confirm these findings.
  • 4.8. MSM and Cancer: Emerging studies suggest a potential anticancer effect of MSM, although further research is required.
  1. Security Profile

MSM is generally well tolerated and considered safe for human consumption at recommended doses. Toxicity studies have not shown significant adverse effects.

  1. Conclusion

MSM is a compound with multiple potentially beneficial biological effects, particularly in the area of ​​inflammation and oxidative stress. Its use in various clinical conditions, especially in inflammatory and degenerative diseases, deserves further attention and research.


References

  1. Usha, PR and Naidu, MUR "Randomised, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Study of Oral Glucosamine, Methylsulfonylmethane and their Combination in Osteoarthritis." Clinical Drug Investigation, vol. 24, no. 6, 2004, pp. 353–363.
  2. Butawan, M., Benjamin, R.L., & Bloomer, RJ (2017). Methylsulfonylmethane: Applications and Safety of a Novel Dietary Supplement. Nutrients , 9 (3), 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030290
  3. Kowalska, K., Habrowska-Górczyńska, DE, Kurczewska, D., Domińska, K., Urbanek, KA, & Piastowska-Ciesielska, AW (2021). Methylsulfonylmethane sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to doxorubicin. Cell biology and toxicology , 37 (2), 261–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-020-09542-4
  4. Kim, L.S., et al. "Efficacy of Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in Osteoarthritis Pain of the Knee: A Pilot Clinical Trial." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, vol. 14, no. 3, 2006, pp. 286–294.
  5. Barmaki, S., Bohlooli, S., Khoshkhahesh, F., & Nakhostin-Roohi, B. (2012). Effect of methylsulfonylmethane supplementation on exercise - Induced muscle damage and total antioxidant capacity. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness , 52 (2), 170–174.
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